by

Rules Of Thumb Pdf

Download Pipeline Rules Of Thumb Handbook Free Pdf PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Pipeline Rules Of Thumb Handbook Free Pdf book now. This site is like a library, Use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want.

As a rule of thumb, these speeds decrease 1% for every 2% reduction in gross weight. Defined Minimum Maneuvering Speed. A defined minimum maneuvering speed (DMMS) provides a margin above stall speed during turning flight. It is essentially a 30% buffer above the clean stall speed (V S1) in a 30° bank. DMMS = V S1 × 1.4. Attitude Flying. Rules of Thumb Guidelines for building services (5th Edition) By Glenn Hawkins BG 9/2011 Acknowledgements BG 9/2011 Rules of Thumb provides a valuable source of approximate engineering design, environmental performance and project cost data for building services projects.

If the content Pipeline Rules Of Thumb Handbook Free Pdf not Found or Blank , you must refresh this page manually or visit our sister site

Pipeline Rules Of Thumb Handbook Free Pdf


DOWNLOAD
READ ONLINE
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Total Download : 913

Download Pipeline Rules Of Thumb Handbook Free Pdf PDF/ePub, Mobi eBooks by Click Download or Read Online button. Instant access to millions of titles from Our Library and it’s FREE to try! All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so don't worry about it.


Pipeline Rules Of Thumb Handbook


Chess Rules Of Thumb Pdf

DOWNLOAD
READ ONLINE
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Total Download : 896
Author : E.W. McAllister
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2015-08-03

Pipeline Rules Of Thumb Handbook written by E.W. McAllister and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-03 with Technology & Engineering categories.


Now in its sixth edition, Pipeline Rules of Thumb Handbook has been and continues to be the standard resource for any professional in the pipeline industry. A practical and convenient reference, it provides quick solutions to the everyday pipeline problems that the pipeline engineer, contractor, or designer faces. Pipeline Rules of Thumb Handbook assembles hundreds of shortcuts for pipeline construction, design, and engineering. Workable 'how-to' methods, handy formulas, correlations, and curves all come together in this one convenient volume. Save valuable time and effort using the thousands of illustrations, photographs, tables, calculations, and formulas available in an easy to use format Updated and revised with new material on project scoping, plastic pipe data, HDPE pipe data, fiberglass pipe, NEC tables, trenching, and much more A book you will use day to day guiding every step of pipeline design and maintenance
Thumb

Pipeline Rules Of Thumb Handbook


DOWNLOAD
READ ONLINE
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Total Download : 458
Author : E. W. McAllister
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005

Pipeline Rules Of Thumb Handbook written by E. W. McAllister and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Pipelines categories.


Pipeline Planning And Construction Field Manual


DOWNLOAD
READ ONLINE
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Total Download : 384
Author : E. Shashi Menon
language : en
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
Release Date : 1978-06-26

Pipeline Planning And Construction Field Manual written by E. Shashi Menon and has been published by Gulf Professional Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978-06-26 with Technology & Engineering categories.


Pipeline Planning and Construction Field Manual aims to guide engineers and technicians in the processes of planning, designing, and construction of a pipeline system, as well as to provide the necessary tools for cost estimations, specifications, and field maintenance. The text includes understandable pipeline schematics, tables, and DIY checklists. This source is a collaborative work of a team of experts with over 180 years of combined experience throughout the United States and other countries in pipeline planning and construction. Comprised of 21 chapters, the book walks readers through the steps of pipeline construction and management. The comprehensive guide that this source provides enables engineers and technicians to manage routine auditing of technical work output relative to technical input and established expectations and standards, and to assess and estimate the work, including design integrity and product requirements, from its research to completion. Design, piping, civil, mechanical, petroleum, chemical, project production and project reservoir engineers, including novices and students, will find this book invaluable for their engineering practices. Back-of-the envelope calculations Checklists for maintenance operations Checklists for environmental compliance Simulations, modeling tools and equipment design Guide for pump and pumping station placement

Rules Of Thumb For Mechanical Engineers


DOWNLOAD
READ ONLINE
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Total Download : 481
Author : J. Edward Pope
language : en
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
Release Date : 1997

Rules Of Thumb For Mechanical Engineers written by J. Edward Pope and has been published by Gulf Professional Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Technology & Engineering categories.


Fluids -- Heat transfer -- Thermodynamics -- Mechanical seals -- Pumps and compressors -- Drivers -- Gears -- Bearings -- Piping and pressure vessels -- Tribology -- Vibration -- Materials -- Stress and strain -- Fatigue -- Instrumentation -- Engineering economics.

Piping Design Handbook


DOWNLOAD
READ ONLINE
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Total Download : 462
Author : John J. McKetta Jr
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1992-01-29

Piping Design Handbook written by John J. McKetta Jr and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-01-29 with Science categories.


This encyclopedic volume covers almost every phase of piping design - presenting procedures in a straightforward way.;Written by 82 world experts in the field, the Piping Design Handbook: details the basic principles of piping design; explores pipeline shortcut methods in an in-depth manner; and presents expanded rules of thumb for the piping desig

Pipeline Leak Detection Handbook


DOWNLOAD
READ ONLINE
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Total Download : 328
Author : Morgan Henrie
language : en
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
Release Date : 2016-07-07

Pipeline Leak Detection Handbook written by Morgan Henrie and has been published by Gulf Professional Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-07 with Technology & Engineering categories.


Pipeline Leak Detection Handbook is a concise, detailed, and inclusive leak detection best practices text and reference book. It begins with the basics of leak detection technologies that include leak detection systems, and information on pipeline leaks, their causes, and subsequent consequences. The book moves on to further explore system infrastructures, performance, human factors, installation, and integrity management, and is a must-have resource to help oil and gas professionals gain a comprehensive understanding of the identification, selection, design, testing, and implantation of a leak detection system. Informs oil and gas pipeline professionals on the basics of leak detection technologies, the required field instrumentation, telecommunication infrastructures, human factors, and risk mitigation considerations Leads the reader through the complex process of understanding the pipeline’s unique environment and how to develop a leak detection program

Oil And Gas Pipelines And Piping Systems


DOWNLOAD
READ ONLINE
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Total Download : 348
Author : Alireza Bahadori
language : en
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
Release Date : 2016-09-10

Oil And Gas Pipelines And Piping Systems written by Alireza Bahadori and has been published by Gulf Professional Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.


Oil and Gas Pipelines and Piping Systems: Design, Construction, Management, and Inspection delivers all the critical aspects needed for oil and gas piping and pipeline condition monitoring and maintenance, along with tactics to minimize costly disruptions within operations. Broken up into two logical parts, the book begins with coverage on pipelines, including essential topics, such as material selection, designing for oil and gas central facilities, tank farms and depots, the construction and installment of transportation pipelines, pipe cleaning, and maintenance checklists. Moving over to piping, information covers piping material selection and designing and construction of plant piping systems, with attention paid to flexibility analysis on piping stress, a must-have component for both refineries with piping and pipeline systems. Heavily illustrated and practical for engineers and managers in oil and gas today, the book supplies the oil and gas industry with a must-have reference for safe and effective pipeline and piping operations. Presents valuable perspectives on pipelines and piping operations specific to the oil and gas industry Provides all the relevant American and European codes and standards, as well as English and Metric units for easier reference Includes numerous visualizations of equipment and operations, with illustrations from various worldwide case studies and locations

Rules Of Thumb Pdf


Related Lesson Plans
Barometric Pressure

Pressure decreases at a rate of 1″ Hg per 1,000′ of altitude gain. The standard surface pressure at sea level is 29.92″ Hg.

Pressure Altitude

The pressure altitude can be determined by:

  • Setting the barometric scale of the altimeter to 29.92 and reading the indicated altitude.
  • Applying a correction factor to the indicated altitude according to the reported altimeter setting.

Example:

  • Field Elevation = 300′
  • Altimeter Setting = 30.02″ Hg
  • Pressure Altitude = 200′

If the local altimeter setting is greater than 29.92 inches, pressure altitude is lower than field elevation.

Density Altitude

A normally aspirated engine produces 3% less power for every 1,000′ of density altitude.

For every 10°F above (or below) standard temperature at an airport’s elevation, add (or subtract) 600′ to (or from) the field’s elevation.

Density altitude increases (or decreases) 102′ for every 1°C the temperature varies from standard.

Correct Density Altitude for Humidity

If the temperature is greater than 5°C, double the dew point in degrees Celsius and add a zero. Add the result to the density altitude.

Example: 24°C + 24°C = 480′ Correction

Altimeter Errors

“From hot to cold, look out below.”

When the air temperature is warmer than standard, the altimeter will indicate a lower altitude than actually being flown. When the air temperature is colder than standard, the altimeter will indicate a higher altitude than actually being flown.

“From high to low, look out below.”

When flying from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure without resetting the altimeter, the aircraft is flying at a lower altitude than indicated. If flying from an area of low pressure to an area of high pressure without resetting the altimeter, the aircraft is flying a lower altitude than indicated.

Temperature Lapse Rate

Temperature decreases at a rate of 3.5°F (2°C) per thousand feet.

True Airspeed

True airspeed increases by 2% for every 1,000′ of altitude.

Takeoff Distance

Takeoff distance increases by 10% for every 1,000′ of density altitude above sea level.

A runway upslope increases takeoff distance by 7% per degree. A runway downslope reduces takeoff distance by 5% per degree.

Increase the takeoff distance required by 10% for every two knots of tailwind.

Abort the takeoff if no more than 70% of the takeoff speed is reached by 50% of the runway length.

Add at least 15% (50% recommended) to the planned takeoff distance as a safety margin.

Climb Gradients

Climb Rate in FPM = (Ground Speed / 60) × Climb Gradient

Climb Gradient as a Percentage = (Rise / Run) × 100

Note: The “rise” and the “run” are in feet. There are approximately 6,076 feet in one nautical mile.

Approach and Landing

3° Rate of Descent = Ground Speed × 5

For every knot above the recommended approach airspeed at the runway threshold, the touchdown point will be 100′ further down the runway.

For every 10′ above the standard 50′ threshold crossing height, increase the landing distance required by 200′.

For every 10% reduction in weight, reduce the approach speed published at the max gross weight by 5%.

Increase the landing distance by 50% for a wet runway.

Increase the approach speed by 20% if ice is on the wings.

Increase the landing distance required by 21% for every 10 knots of tailwind.

Add at least 15% (50% recommended) to the planned landing distance as a safety margin.

Pdf
Mixture Settings
  • Engine Start: Full-rich, unless the engine is flooded.
  • Taxi: Lean for max RPM.
  • Takeoff < 4,000′ Density Altitude: Full-rich.
  • Takeoff > 4,000′ Density Altitude: Lean for max RPM.
  • Climb > 4,000′ Density Altitude: Lean for max RPM.
  • Cruise: Lean as desired within the temperature limits.
  • Descent: As necessary to produce a smooth running engine.
  • Landing: Appropriate setting for a go-around.
Maximum Range and Endurance

Max Endurance Speed (Fixed Gear) = 1.2 × VS
 Max Endurance Speed (Retractable Gear) = 1.3 × VS
Max Range Speed (Fixed Gear) = 1.5 × VS
Max Range Speed (Retractable Gear) = 1.8 × VS

Maximum range speed changes with wind:

  • Increase the speed by half of the headwind.
  • Decrease the speed by half of the tailwind.
Clouds and Weather

When flying over the top of a severe thunderstorm, the cloud should be over-flown by at least 1,000′ for every 10 knots of wind speed.

To find the height of the cloud bases, use the following formula (the temperature is in degrees Fahrenheit).

((Temperature – Dew Point) / 4.4) × 1,000

Airspeed Calculations

Maneuvering Speed = VS1 × √Positive Limit Load Factor

Maneuvering speed (VA/VO) decreases 2 knots for every 100 pounds below max gross weight.

Best rate of climb speed (VY) decreases 1/2 knot for every 1,000′ of density altitude gained.

Best angle of climb speed (VX) increases 1 knot for every 1,000′ of density altitude gained.

Best glide speed (VBG) decreases 1/2 to 1 knot for every 100 pounds under max gross weight.

Rotation Speed (VR) = 1.15 × VS0

Dynamic Hydroplane Speed = 8.6 × √(Tire Pressure)

Airspeeds at Reduced Weights

Speeds published in the AFM/POH at max gross weight (e.g., maneuvering, stall, and approach) can be reduced for the current weight using the following formula or rule of thumb.

VNEW = VOLD × √(Current Weight / Max Gross Weight)

  • VNEW is the calculated speed for the current weight.
  • VOLD is the AFM/POH speed at the max gross weight.

As a rule of thumb, these speeds decrease 1% for every 2% reduction in gross weight.

Defined Minimum Maneuvering Speed

A defined minimum maneuvering speed (DMMS) provides a margin above stall speed during turning flight. It is essentially a 30% buffer above the clean stall speed (VS1) in a 30° bank.

DMMS = VS1 × 1.4

Attitude Flying

The Primary Rule of Attitude Flying
Attitude + Power = Performance

Use one-half of the bank angle to begin a rollout to a heading. For a 30° bank, begin the rollout 15° early.

Lead a level off from a climb or descent by 10% of the vertical speed. If the climb rate is 500 FPM, initiate the level-off 50′ early.

For altitude deviations of less than 100′, use a half-bar-width correction. For errors over 100′, use a full-bar-width. An alternate method is to establish a change rate of twice the altitude deviation, not to exceed 500 FPM. If the altitude is off by 100′, the rate of return should be 200 FPM.

Reciprocal Headings

To find a reciprocal heading, add 200 and subtract 20, or subtract 200 add 20.

Standard Rate Turn

Bank Angle = (TAS / 10) + 5

Sectional Charts

The width of a finger equals 5 NM on a Sectional Chart for the average person.

The distance from the tip of the thumb to the knuckle equals 10 NM on a Sectional Chart for the average person.

Planned Descent Point

The following formula is used to calculate a PDP in NM. The threshold crossing altitude (TCA) is the TDZE plus the TCH (typically around 50′). The resulting distance is the PDP in NM from the runway.

PDP = (MDA – TDA) / 318

To calculate the PDP in minutes and seconds, use the following formula. Subtract the resulting time from the time required to fly the approach.

PDP = (MDA – TDA) / 10

3° Glidepath

To find the proper altitude at any point along on a 3° glidepath, multiply the distance in nautical miles from the threshold by 300. At 10 NM the aircraft should be 3,000′ above the TDZE, at 5 NM 1,500′, and at 1 NM 300′.

To find the proper rate of descent on a 3° glidepath, multiply the groundspeed by 5. At 120 knots, the descent rate should be 600 FPM.

Crosswind Components

Statistical Rules Of Thumb Pdf

Example: A 30° wind results in a crosswind component of 50%.

Engineering Rules Of Thumb Pdf

All values are approximations. The AFM/POH has precedence.