by

Tron

Tron is a blockchain-based decentralized operating system much like Ethereum that aims to advance the decentralization of the Internet and its infrastructure. At its core, Tron is a smart contract platform that offers high throughput, high scalability, and high availability for all Decentralized Applications (DApps) in the TRON ecosystem.

Born
Boris Floricic

8 June 1972
Died (aged 26)
NationalityGerman
EducationTechnical University of Berlin
Alma materTechnical University of Applied Sciences of Berlin
OccupationPhreaker, hacker
Known forHacking, the 'Cryptophon'

Features Tron (TRX) USD price, real-time charts, TRX news and videos. Learn about TRX coin, tron crypto trading and more. TRX or Tronix is a cryptocurrency running on the TRON blockchain. Its goal is to create a decentralized Internet. TRON is a blockchain-based operating system that aims to ensure this technology is suitable for daily use. Whereas Bitcoin can handle up to six transactions per second, and Ethereum up to 25, TRON claims that its network has capacity for 2,000 TPS — 24/7. Directed by Steven Lisberger. With Jeff Bridges, Bruce Boxleitner, David Warner, Cindy Morgan. A computer hacker is abducted into the digital world and forced to participate in gladiatorial games where his only chance of escape is with the help of a heroic security program.

Boris Floricic, better known by his pseudonymTron (8 June 1972 – 17 October 1998), was a German hacker and phreaker whose death in unclear circumstances has led to various conspiracy theories. He is also known for his Diplom thesis presenting one of the first public implementations of a telephone with built-in voice encryption, the 'Cryptophon'.

Floricic's pseudonym was a reference to the eponymous character in the 1982 Disney film Tron. Floricic was interested in defeating computer security mechanisms; amongst other hacks, he broke the security of the German phonecard and produced working clones. He was subsequently sentenced to 15 months in jail for the physical theft of a public phone (for reverse engineering purposes) but the sentence was suspended to probation.

From December 2005 to January 2006, media attention was drawn to Floricic when his parents and Andy Müller-Maguhn brought legal action in Germany against the Wikimedia Foundation and its German chapter Wikimedia Deutschland e.V. The first preliminary injunction tried to stop Wikipedia from publishing Floricic's full name, and a second one followed, temporarily preventing the use of the German Internet domainwikipedia.de as a redirect address to the German Wikipedia.

Early life[edit]

Floricic grew up in Gropiusstadt, a suburb in southern Berlin (West Berlin at the time). His interests in school focused on technical subjects. He left school after ten years and completed a three-year Vocational education (Berufsausbildung) offered by the Technical University of Berlin and graduated as a specialist in communication electronics with a major in information technology (Kommunikationselektroniker, Fachrichtung Informationstechnik). He subsequently earned the Abitur and began studies in computer science at the Technical University of Applied Sciences of Berlin.[citation needed]

During his studies, Floricic attended an internship with a company developing electronic security systems. In the winter term 1997/1998, Floricic successfully finished his studies and published his diploma thesis, in which he developed and described the 'Cryptophon', an ISDN telephone with built-in voice encryption. Since parts of this work, which were to be provided by another student, were missing, he could not finish his work on the Cryptophon. His thesis, however, was rated as exceptional by the evaluating university professor. After graduation, Floricic applied for work, but was unsuccessful. In his spare time he continued, among other activities, his work on the Cryptophon.[citation needed]

Interests[edit]

Floricic was highly interested in electronics and security systems of all kinds. He engaged in, amongst other things, attacks against the German phonecard and Pay TV systems. As part of his research he exchanged ideas and proposals with other hackers and scientists. On the mailing list 'tv-crypt', operated by a closed group of Pay TV hackers, Floricic reported about himself in 1995 that his interests were microprocessors, programming languages, electronics of all kinds, digital radio data transmission and especially breaking the security of systems perceived as secure. He claimed to have created working clones of a chipcard used for British Pay TV and would continue his work to defeat the security of the Nagravision/Syster scrambling system which was then used by the German Pay TV provider 'PREMIERE'.[citation needed]

Later, American scientists outlined a theoretical attack against SIM cards used for GSM mobile phones. Together with hackers from the Chaos Computer Club, Floricic successfully created a working clone of such a SIM card, thus showing the practicability of the attack. He also engaged in cloning the German phonecard and succeeded. While Floricic only wanted to demonstrate the insecurity of the system, the proven insecurity was also abused by criminals which led to the attention of law enforcement agencies and the German national phone operator Deutsche Telekom. After Deutsche Telekom changed the system, Floricic tried to remove a complete public card phone from a booth by force (using a sledgehammer) on 3 March 1995 in order to, as he told, adapt his phonecard simulators to the latest changes. He and a friend were, however, caught by the police upon this attempt. Floricic was later sentenced to a prison term of 15 months which was suspended to probation.[citation needed]

Cryptophon[edit]

'Cryptophon' (or 'Cryptofon') was the name Floricic chose for his prototype of an ISDN telephone with integrated voice encryption. It was created in the winter term 1997–1998 as part of his diploma thesis, titled 'Realisierung einer Verschlüsselungstechnik für Daten im ISDN B-Kanal' (German, meaning, 'Implementation of Cryptography for Data contained in the ISDN Bearer channel'), at the Technische Fachhochschule Berlin. Floricic focused on making the Cryptophon cheap and easy to build for hobbyists. The phone encrypts telephone calls using the symmetric encryption algorithmIDEA. As IDEA is patented, the cipher was implemented on a replaceable daughter module which would have allowed the user to exchange IDEA for another (probably patent-unencumbered) algorithm. In addition, the system was about to be supplemented with a key exchange protocol based on the asymmetric algorithmRSA in order to achieve security against compromised remote stations.[citation needed]

The Cryptophon is built on the foundation of an 8051 compatible microprocessor which controls the whole system and peripherals (e.g. ISDN controller, keypad and display). For the cryptography, Floricic used cheap DSPs from Texas Instruments which he scrapped out of old computer modems, but which could also be bought at affordable prices. As this type of DSP is not powerful enough for the cryptography algorithm chosen, Floricic used two of them for the Cryptophon – one for sending and one for receiving. He planned to extend the phone so it would also be possible to encrypt On 14 December 2005, his parents obtained a temporary restraining order in a Berlin court against Wikimedia Foundation Inc. because its freely editable online encyclopedia, Wikipedia, mentioned the full name in its German language version. The order prohibited the Foundation from mentioning the full name on any website under the domain 'wikipedia.org'. It furthermore required the Foundation to name a representative in Germany within two weeks following the decision.[3]

This was widely reported in the Dutch and German press.[4] The initial order was mistakenly addressed to Saint Petersburg, Russia rather than to St. Petersburg, Florida, United States; this was corrected five days later.[citation needed]

Index page of www.wikipedia.de on 19 January 2006.

On 17 January 2006, a second preliminary injunction from a court in Berlin prohibited the Wikimedia Deutschland e.V. local chapter from linking to the German Wikipedia, resulting in the change of the wikipedia.de address from a link to German Wikipedia to a page explaining the situation, although the page did not mention Tron.[5] Despite media reports to the contrary, the German Wikipedia itself was never closed or made inaccessible in Germany. Wikimedia Deutschland e.V. confirmed to the Internet news site golem.de that the new injunction was related to the prior case against the Wikimedia Foundation and was issued on behalf of the same plaintiffs. Wikimedia Deutschland e.V. was reported as intending to fight the injunction, arguing that no valid case was presented and the freedom of the press must be defended.[6]

As Müller-Maguhn, one of the spokespersons of the Chaos Computer Club, was deeply involved in the case on the side of the plaintiffs, some media reported this as a case of Chaos Computer Club against Wikipedia. The Chaos Computer Club had issued a public statement that this was a case between a few of its members and Wikipedia, and that the CCC itself did not take any position in the matter.[7]

The Austrian online magazine Futurezone interviewed Andy Müller-Maguhn on 19 January 2006 about the case and its background. Maguhn admitted that the true reason behind the incident was a fictitious work recently published by a German author in which the main character had the same (civil) name as Floricic. The parents sent a protest to the publisher but were turned down with the argument that the German Wikipedia was using the name as well. Müller-Maguhn then asked the German Wikipedia to remove the name, but was turned down for a number of reasons, including failure to present proof that he was entitled to speak and act on behalf of the parents.[8]

On 9 February 2006, the injunction against Wikimedia Deutschland was overturned.[9] The plaintiffs appealed to the Berlin state court, but were turned down in May 2006.[citation needed]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Tron
  1. ^zdnet.co.uk: 'High-stakes hacking, Euro-style', by Bob Sullivan, 2000-10-25
  2. ^Hudson, David (28 December 1998). 'Out of Chaos Comes Order'. Wired.
  3. ^Telepolis: 'Hacker leben nicht gefährlich', by Burkhard Schröder, 2006-01-10 (in German)
  4. ^Spiegel Online: 'Streit um Tron: Darf man einen Hacker beim Namen nennen?', by Holger Dambeck, 2006-01-10 (in German)
  5. ^Heise Newsticker: 'Domain Wikipedia.de ist zurzeit außer Betrieb', by Andreas Wilkens, 2006-01-19 (in German)
  6. ^golem.de: 'Wikipedia.de derzeit abgeschaltet', by Andreas Donath, 2006-01-19 (in German)
  7. ^CCC: 'Klarstellung zu Wikipedia vs. Tron', by Frank Rieger, 2006-01-13 (in German)
  8. ^futurezone: 'Einstweilige Verfügung' gegen Wikipedia.de'Archived 2006-04-04 at the Wayback Machine, by unnamed author, 2006-01-19 (in German)
  9. ^Heise Online: 'Court overturns temporary restraining order against Wikimedia DeutschlandArchived 2007-02-08 at the Wayback Machine, by Torsten Kleinz, 2006-02-09.

Further reading[edit]

  • Burkhard Schröder: Tron: Tod eines Hackers ('Tron: Death of a hacker'). rororo, 1999, ISBN3-499-60857-X
  • Chenoweth, Neil: Murdoch's Pirates: Before the phone hacking, there was Rupert's pay-TV skullduggery. Allen & Unwin, 2012, ISBN978-1-74331-180-6

External links[edit]

  • Spiegel Online: 'How a Dead Hacker Shut Down Wikipedia Germany', 2006-01-20
  • Wired.com: 'Out of Chaos Comes Order', by David Hudson, 1998-12-28 (about the suicide)
  • Possenspiel um Wikipedia (Die Zeit online edition)
  • tronland.org (Site dedicated to Tron's memory)
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tron_(hacker)&oldid=1001289418'
TRON logo

TRON is a Blockchain-based decentralized operating system based on a cryptocurrency native to the system, known as TRX.

History[edit]

TRON was founded by Justin Sun in 2017.[1] TRON Foundation raised $70 million in 2017 through an Initial coin offering shortly before China outlawed the digital tokens.[2]

The white paper of TRON was accused of plagiarism.[3] Researchers from Digital Asset Research (DAR) have discovered multiple instances of code copied from other projects in the Tron code base. It is also accused of violating the GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0 (LGPL) because the project does not mention that its client, Java-Tron, was derived from EthereumJ. These accusations were denied by the TRON Foundation, the organization behind the design of the system.[4]

In 2018, TRON switched its protocol from an ERC-20 token on top of Ethereum to an independent peer-to-peer network. After that, marketed to rival Ethereum. On 25 July 2018, the TRON Foundation announced it had finished the acquisition of Bittorrent, the biggest peer-to-peer file sharing network.[5] Upon this acquisition, in August 2018, BitTorrent Founder Bram Cohen also disclosed that he was leaving the company to found Chia, an alternative to bitcoin created to be a less energy-intensive cryptocurrency.[6]

By January 2019, TRON had a total market cap of about $1.6 billion.[7] Despite this market performance, some authors viewed TRON as a typical case of the complex and disordered nature of cryptocurrencies.[8][9] In February 2019, after being acquired by Tron Foundation, BitTorrent started its own token sale based on the TRON network.[10][11]

In May, 2019, the cyber-security testing service HackerOne revealed[12] that just one computer could have brought TRON’s entire blockchain to a halt.[13] The revelation showed that a barrage of requests sent by a single PC could be used to squeeze the power of the blockchain's CPU, overload the memory, and perform a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack.[14]

Architecture[edit]

The TRON protocol, maintained primarily by the TRON Foundation, distributes computing resources equally among TRX holders with internal pricing mechanisms such as bandwidth and energy.[15] TRON provides a decentralized virtual machine, which can execute a program using an international network of public nodes. The network has zero transaction fees and conducts ~2000 transactions per second.

The implementations of TRON foster minimal transaction fees to prevent malicious users to perform DDoS attacks for free. In this respect, EOS.IO and TRON are quite similar, due to the nonexistent fee, high transactions per second and high reliability, and regarded as new generation of blockchain system.[16] Some researchers defined TRON as an Ethereum clone, with no fundamental differences.[17] The transactions per second rate on Tron's blockchain was questioned because it was far below its theoretical claim.[18]

References[edit]

  1. ^EST, Jack Moore On 1/20/18 at 9:56 AM (2018-01-20). 'What Is Tron? Cryptocurrency's budding founder wants to change the internet'. Newsweek. Retrieved 2019-09-01.
  2. ^'This coin issuer is all cashed up amid China's ban, but is it all hype?'. South China Morning Post. 2018-07-31. Retrieved 2019-08-26.
  3. ^Brown, Mike. 'Is Tron Plagiarized? White Paper Controversy Hits Cryptocurrency'. Inverse. Retrieved 2019-08-24.
  4. ^Bailey, Jonathan (2018-02-01). 'The Multi-Billion Dollar Plagiarism Scandal'. Plagiarism Today. Retrieved 2019-09-01.
  5. ^'Blockchain startup Tron closes BitTorrent acquisition'. TechCrunch. Retrieved 2019-08-20.
  6. ^Beedham, Matthew (2018-08-20). 'BitTorrent inventor walks away after TRON acquisition'. Hard Fork | The Next Web. Retrieved 2019-08-20.
  7. ^'The Hottest Cryptocurrency, Tron, Rekindles Memories of the Bitcoin Bubble'. www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2019-09-01.
  8. ^Stosic, Darko; Stosic, Dusan; Ludermir, Teresa B.; Stosic, Tatijana (2019-07-01). 'Exploring disorder and complexity in the cryptocurrency space'. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications. 525: 548–556. Bibcode:2019PhyA..525..548S. doi:10.1016/j.physa.2019.03.091. ISSN0378-4371.
  9. ^Poyser, Obryan (2018-06-29). 'Herding behavior in cryptocurrency markets'. arXiv:1806.11348v2 [q-fin.ST].
  10. ^Clark, Bryan (2019-01-03). 'BitTorrent just launched a TRON-based cryptocurrency token'. Hard Fork | The Next Web. Retrieved 2019-08-26.
  11. ^'BitTorrent unveils cryptocurrency so users can pay for faster download times'. VentureBeat. 2019-01-03. Retrieved 2019-09-01.
  12. ^'Tron Foundation disclosed on HackerOne: DOS attack by consuming all...'HackerOne. Retrieved 2019-08-31.
  13. ^Canellis, David (2019-05-06). 'TRON suffered from a critical bug that could've crashed its entire blockchain'. Hard Fork | The Next Web. Retrieved 2019-08-31.
  14. ^Osborne, Charlie. 'TRON critical security flaw could break the entire blockchain'. ZDNet. Retrieved 2019-08-31.
  15. ^Dimaz Ankaa Wijaya, Joseph Liu, Ron Steinfeld, Dongxi Liu, and Limerlina, 'Senarai: A Sustainable Public Blockchain-Based Permanent Storage Protocol', in Cryptology and Network Security 18th International Conference, CANS 2019, Fuzhou, China, October 25–27, 2019, Proceedings, ed. by Yi Mu, Robert Deng, Xinyi Huang (Springer, 2019), pp. 235-46.
  16. ^Valdeolmillos, Diego; Mezquita, Yeray; González-Briones, Alfonso; Prieto, Javier; Corchado, Juan Manuel (2020). Prieto, Javier; Das, Ashok Kumar; Ferretti, Stefano; Pinto, António; Corchado, Juan Manuel (eds.). 'Blockchain Technology: A Review of the Current Challenges of Cryptocurrency'. Blockchain and Applications. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing. 1010: 153–160. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23813-1_19. ISBN9783030238131.
  17. ^Borkowski, Michael; Sigwart, Marten; Frauenthaler, Philipp; Hukkinen, Taneli; Schulte, Stefan (2019). 'Dextt: Deterministic Cross-Blockchain Token Transfers'. IEEE Access. 7: 111030–111042. arXiv:1905.06204. doi:10.1109/access.2019.2934707. ISSN2169-3536.
  18. ^Li, Huawei; Li, Zhihuai; Tian, Na (2020). Liu, Yong; Wang, Lipo; Zhao, Liang; Yu, Zhengtao (eds.). 'Resource Bottleneck Analysis of the Blockchain Based on Tron's TPS'. Advances in Natural Computation, Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing. 1075: 944–950. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32591-6_103. ISBN978-3-030-32591-6.

Tron Movie

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